Keeping Families Together Through Immigration Law
Family reunification is a cornerstone of the U.S. immigration system. U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents may petition for certain family members to obtain green cards. The process involves complex eligibility requirements, extensive documentation, and — for many categories — multi-year waiting periods.
Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens
The following family members are classified as immediate relatives and are not subject to annual visa limits:
- Spouses of U.S. citizens
- Unmarried children under 21 of U.S. citizens
- Parents of U.S. citizens (petitioner must be at least 21)
Family Preference Categories
- F1: Unmarried sons and daughters (21+) of U.S. citizens — ~23,400 visas/year
- F2A: Spouses and children of permanent residents — ~87,900 visas/year
- F2B: Unmarried sons and daughters (21+) of permanent residents — ~26,300 visas/year
- F3: Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens — ~23,400 visas/year
- F4: Brothers and sisters of adult U.S. citizens — ~65,000 visas/year
Marriage-Based Green Cards
Marriage to a U.S. citizen is the most common pathway to permanent residency. See our Marriage Green Card Guide for a detailed walkthrough.
Fiance Visa (K-1)
U.S. citizens may petition for their foreign-national fiance to enter the U.S. on a K-1 visa for marriage. The couple must marry within 90 days. See our K-1 Visa Guide.
Affidavit of Support
The petitioning family member must demonstrate the ability to financially support the immigrant at 125% of the federal poverty guidelines by filing Form I-864. This is a legally enforceable contract that remains in effect until the sponsored immigrant becomes a citizen, earns 40 qualifying quarters of Social Security, permanently departs, or dies.
Public Charge Considerations
USCIS considers whether an applicant is likely to become primarily dependent on government assistance. Factors include age, health, family status, assets, resources, and education.