The U.S. naturalization test is the final hurdle before taking the Oath of Allegiance and becoming an American citizen. The test consists of two components: an English language test and a civics test. Here is everything you need to know to prepare and pass.
The English Test
The English test evaluates three abilities:
- Reading: You must read one out of three sentences aloud correctly. Sentences use vocabulary from the civics content.
- Writing: You must write one out of three sentences dictated by the officer correctly.
- Speaking: Evaluated throughout the interview based on your ability to answer questions and communicate in English.
The Civics Test
The USCIS officer asks up to 10 questions from a pool of 100 possible civics questions. You must answer at least 6 correctly to pass. Topics include:
- American Government: Principles of democracy, the Constitution, branches of government, elected officials
- American History: Colonial period, the Revolution, the Civil War, the 20th century
- Integrated Civics: Geography, symbols, holidays
Sample Questions
- What is the supreme law of the land? (The Constitution)
- How many amendments does the Constitution have? (27)
- Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? (The President)
- What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? (Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
- How many U.S. Senators are there? (100)
- Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s. (World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War)
Pass Rates
The overall pass rate for the naturalization test is approximately 91%. Most applicants who study the 100 questions pass on their first attempt. If you fail either component, you are given one additional opportunity to retake the failed portion within 60-90 days.
Exemptions
- 50/20 rule: Age 50+ with 20+ years as LPR — take civics test in native language
- 55/15 rule: Age 55+ with 15+ years as LPR — take civics test in native language with a simplified set of 20 questions
- 65/20 rule: Age 65+ with 20+ years as LPR — take the simplified 20-question test in native language
- Medical disability: Form N-648 may waive English and/or civics requirements
Study Resources
Free study materials are available on the USCIS website, including flash cards, practice tests, and an audio version of the 100 civics questions. Community organizations and libraries often offer free citizenship preparation classes.
Ready to apply? Request a free naturalization case evaluation.